Replace Virtualbox usage with KVM

Vagrantfile

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # vi: set ft=ruby :
 
 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
-  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
+  config.vm.box = "promenade/ubuntu1604"
   config.vm.box_check_update = false
 
   config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: true, inline:<<EOS
@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@ apt-get update -qq
 apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends chrony
 EOS
 
-  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
-    vb.cpus = 2
-    vb.memory = "2048"
-    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--nictype1", "virtio"]
+  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", :nfs => true
+
+  config.vm.provider "libvirt" do |lv|
+    lv.cpus = 2
+    lv.memory = "2048"
+    lv.nested = true
   end
 
   config.vm.define "n0" do |c|

docs/getting-started.md

@@ -4,8 +4,16 @@
 
 ### Deployment using Vagrant
 
-Make sure you have [Vagrant](https://vagrantup.com) and
-[VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads) installed.
+Deployment using Vagrant uses KVM instead of Virtualbox due to better
+performance of disk and networking, which both have significant impact on the
+stability of the etcd clusters.
+
+Make sure you have [Vagrant](https://vagrantup.com) installed, then
+run `./tools/full-vagrant-setup.sh`, which will do the following:
+
+* Install Vagrant libvirt plugin and its dependencies
+* Install NFS dependencies for Vagrant volume sharing
+* Install [packer](https://packer.io) and build a KVM image for Ubuntu 16.04
 
 Generate the per-host configuration, certificates and keys to be used:
 

tools/build-vagrant-box.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -ex
+
+WORKDIR=$(mktemp -d)
+
+function cleanup {
+    rm -rf "${WORKDIR}"
+}
+
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    curl \
+    unzip
+
+git clone https://github.com/jakobadam/packer-qemu-templates.git ${WORKDIR}
+
+cd ${WORKDIR}/ubuntu
+
+packer build -var-file=ubuntu1604.json ubuntu-vagrant.json
+
+vagrant box add promenade/ubuntu1604 box/libvirt/ubuntu1604-1.box

tools/full-vagrant-setup.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -ex
+
+SCRIPT_DIR=$(dirname $0)
+
+$SCRIPT_DIR/install-vagrant-nfs-deps.sh
+$SCRIPT_DIR/install-vagrant-libvirt.sh
+$SCRIPT_DIR/install-packer.sh

tools/install-packer.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -ex
+
+PACKER_VERSION=${PACKER_VERSION:-1.0.3}
+
+WORKDIR=$(mktemp -d)
+
+function cleanup {
+    rm -rf "${WORKDIR}"
+}
+
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+cd ${WORKDIR}
+
+curl -Lo packer.zip https://releases.hashicorp.com/packer/${PACKER_VERSION}/packer_${PACKER_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip
+
+unzip packer.zip
+
+sudo mv packer /usr/local/bin/

tools/install-vagrant-libvirt.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -ex
+
+sudo apt-get update
+
+sudo apt-get build-dep -y \
+    ruby-libvirt
+
+sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    build-essential \
+    dnsmasq \
+    ebtables \
+    libvirt-bin \
+    libvirt-dev \
+    libxml2-dev \
+    libxslt-dev \
+    qemu \
+    ruby-dev \
+    zlib1g-dev
+
+vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt

tools/install-vagrant-nfs-deps.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -ex
+
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    nfs-common \
+    nfs-kernel-server \
+    portmap